Here, we used light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) imaging of mouse whole-head preparations after OVA-A555 tracer injection into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and performed real-time vessel-wall (VW) magnetic resonance imaging (VW-MRI) after systemic injection of gadobutrol in patients with neurological pathologies. Whether MLVs exist in the anterior part of the murine and human skull and how they connect with the glymphatic system and extracranial lymphatics remained unclear. ![]() more Meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) were identified in the dorsal and caudobasal regions of the dura mater, where they ensure waste product elimination and immune surveillance of brain tissues. Meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) were identified in the dorsal and caudobasal regions of the du. We observed a conserved 3D-anatomy of MLVs in mice and humans, and we discovered an extended anterior network around the dural cavernous sinus including multiple capillary beds and exit routes through the foramina of emissa. In humans, we performed real-time magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging (MR-VWI) after systemic gadobutrol injections. Here, we generated three-dimensional (3D) maps of MLV drainage by light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) imaging of mouse whole-head preparations following fluorescent OVA-A555 tracer injections into the CSF. Whether MLVs exist in the complex anterior part of the murine and human skull, and how they connect with the glymphatic system and extracranial lymphatic vasculature remained unclear. MLVs were identified in the dorsal and caudo-basal regions of the dura mater, where they ensure the clearance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). more Meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) contribute to waste product elimination and immune surveillance in brain tissues. Meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) contribute to waste product elimination and immune surveillanc. Sema3a −/− mice exhibit defects in lymphatic valve formation, which are not due. Using mouse knockout models, we show that Sema3A is selectively required for lymphatic valve formation, via interaction with Nrp1 and PlexinA1. ![]() Methods and Results: We show that Sema3A mRNA is expressed in lymphatic vessels and that Sema3A protein binds to lymphatic valves expressing the Neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) and PlexinA1 receptors. Objective: We investigated if the repulsive axon guidance molecule Semaphorin3A (Sema3A) plays a role in lymphatic valve formation. How lymphatic valve formation is regulated remains largely unknown. Defective formation of lymphatic valves leads to lymphedema, a progressive and debilitating condition for which curative treatments are currently unavailable. Fluid transport depends on the presence of intraluminal valves within lymphatic collectors. ![]() more Rationale: The lymphatic vasculature plays a major role in fluid homeostasis, absorption of dietary lipids, and immune surveillance. Thomas died of heart failure on May 8, 1999.Rationale: The lymphatic vasculature plays a major role in fluid homeostasis, absorption of dieta. He also appeared as a sideman in many situations, including on a Louis Armstrong 1970 record and with Carlos Santana (who he worked with in 1971). As a leader, Leon Thomas recorded for Flying Dutchman, Blues Time, Mega, the Italian Palcoscenico label (in 1979 with Freddie Hubbard's group) as the leader of a blues-oriented band for Portrait (1988) and for Mapleshade. However, his career faltered and he remained an underground figure. ![]() After recording "The Creator Has a Master Plan" in 1969 (once under his own name, with the better-known version being on Sanders' Karma), Thomas seemed on the verge of stardom. He moved to New York in 1958, toured with a show sponsored by the Apollo Theater, had two largely unrecorded stints with Count Basie (19-1965), and performed with such jazz artists as Mary Lou Williams, Randy Weston, Rahsaan Roland Kirk, and later on Oliver Nelson. Thomas, whose early associates included Grant Green, Jimmy Forrest, and Hank Crawford, studied music for two years at Tennessee State University. A fairly conventional singer, the most unusual aspect to Thomas was that he often broke out into yodelling in the middle of a vocal, a device since utilized occasionally by James Moody. Leon Thomas (who changed his name to Leone in 1974) made his mark in 1969, singing "The Creator Has a Master Plan" with Pharoah Sanders and showing that even avant-garde jazz can become popular under some circumstances.
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